Yii2中Restful API原理实例分析

网络编程 2024/9/24 佚名

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本文实例分析了Yii2中Restful API原理。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Yii2 有个很重要的特性是对 Restful API的默认支持，通过短短的几个配置就可以实现简单的对现有Model的RESTful API

这里通过分析rest部分源码，简单剖析下yii2 实现 restful 的原理，并通过一些定制实现对关联模型的RESTful api 操作。

~ 代表 extends from 的关系

1. rest/Controller ~ \yii\web\Controller

Controller是 RESTful API 控制器类的基类

它在一个API请求的控制周期中一次实现了下面的步骤 1~5：

① 解析响应的内容格式
② 校验请求方法
③ 检验用户权限
④ 限制速度
⑤ 格式化响应数据

use yii\filters\auth\CompositeAuth;
use yii\filters\ContentNegotiator;
use yii\filters\RateLimiter;
use yii\web\Response;
use yii\filters\VerbFilter;
/**
 * Controller is the base class for RESTful API controller classes.
 *
 * Controller implements the following steps in a RESTful API request handling cycle
 * 1. Resolving response format (see [[ContentNegotiator]]);
 * 2. Validating request method (see [[verbs()]]).
 * 3. Authenticating user (see [[\yii\filters\auth\AuthInterface]]);
 * 4. Rate limiting (see [[RateLimiter]]);
 * 5. Formatting response data (see [[serializeData()]])
behaviors
  contentNegotiator
  verbFilter
  authenticator
  rateLimiter
afterAction
  serializeData Yii::createObject($this->serializer)->serialize($data)
verbs []
*/
class Controller extends \yii\web\Controller
{
  public $serializer = 'yii\rest\Serializer';
  public $enableCsrfValidation = false;
  public function behaviors()
  {
    return [
      'contentNegotiator' => [
        'class' => ContentNegotiator::className(),
        'formats' => [
          'application/json' => Response::FORMAT_JSON,
          'application/xml' => Response::FORMAT_XML,
        ],
      ],
      'verbFilter' => [
        'class' => VerbFilter::className(),
        'actions' => $this->verbs(),
      ],
      'authenticator' => [
        'class' => CompositeAuth::className(),
      ],
      'rateLimiter' => [
        'class' => RateLimiter::className(),
      ],
    ]
  }
  public function verbs()
  {
    return [];
  }
  public function serializeData($data)
  {
    return Yii::createObject($this->serializer)->serialize($data);
  }
  public function afterAction($action, $result)
  {
    $result = parent::afterAction($action, $result);
    return $this->serializeData($result);
  }
}

2. rest/ActiveController ~ rest/Controller

ActiveController 实现了一系列的和 ActiveRecord 互通数据的RESTful方法

ActiveRecord 的类名由 modelClass 变量指明， yii\db\ActiveRecordInterface "htmlcode">

class ActiveController extends Controller
{
  public #modelClass;
  public $updateScenario = Model::SCENARIO_DEFAULT;
  public $createScenario = Model::SCENARIO_DEFAULT;
  public function init()
  {
    parent::init();
    if($this->modelClass == null){
      throw new InvalidConfigException('The "modelClass" property must be set.');
    }
  }
  public function actions()
  {
    return [
      'index' => [
        'class' => 'app\controllers\rest\IndexAction',
        'modelClass' => $this->modelClass,
        'checkAccess' => [$this, 'checkAccess'],
      ],
      'view'...
      'create'...
      'update'...
      'delete'...
      'options'...
    ];
  }
  protected function verbs()
  {
    return [
      'index' => ['GET', 'HEAD'],
      'view' =>['GET', 'HEAD'],
      'create' =>['POST'],
      'update' =>['PUT', 'PATCH'],
      'delete' =>['DELETE'],
    ];
  }
  public function checkAccess($action, $model=null, $params = [])
  {
  }
}

下面来实现一个继承自这个rest\ActiveController的 News 控制器：

namespace app\controllers;
use app\controllers\rest\ActiveController; #刚才这个AC，我从yii/rest下面拷贝了一份出来
class NewsController extends ActiveController
{
  public $modelClass ='app\models\News';
}

定义到这里就足够实现 rest\ActiveController 里面的默认方法了
下面来覆盖下，实现一些定制的方法

class NewsController extends ActiveController
{
  public $modelClass = 'app\models\News';
  #定制serializer
  #public $serializer = 'yii\rest\Serializer';
  public $serializer = [
    'class' => 'app\controllers\rest\Serializer',
    'collectionEnvelope' => 'items',
  ];
  public function behaviors()
  {
    $be = ArrayHelper::merge(
      parent::behaviors(),
      [
        'verbFilter' => [
          'class' => VerbFilter::className(),
          'actions' => [
            'index' => ['get'],
            ...
          ]
        ],
        'authenticator' => [
          'class' => CompositeAuth::className(),
          'authMethods' => [
            HttpBasicAuth::className(),
            HttpBearerAuth::className(),
            QueryParamAuth::className(),
          ]
        ],
        'contentNegotiator' => [
          'class' => ContentNegotiator::className(),
          'formats' => [
            'text/html' => Response::FORMAT_HTML,
          ]
        ],
        'access' => [
          'class' => AccessControl::className(),
          'only' => ['view'],
          'rules' => [
            [
             'actions' => ['view'],
             'allow' => false,
             'roles' => ['@'],
            ],
         ],
        ]
      ],
    );
    return $be;
  }
  public function checkAccess()
  {
  }
}

3. 定制Actions

如果要对 Actions 进行大的改动，建议拷贝一份出来，不要使用原始的 yii\rest\XXXAction命名空间

我这里以要实现对related models进行 CURD 操作为目标进行大的改动

Action

在定制各个action之前，先看看它们的基类 rest\Action, 主要是一个 findModel的方法

class Action extend \yii\base\Action
{
  public $modelClass;
  public $findModel;
  public $checkAccess;
  public function init()
  {
    if($this->modelClass == null) {
      throw new InvalidConfigException(get_class($this). '::$modelClass must be set');
    }
  }
  public function findModel($id)
  {
    if($this->findModel !== null) {
      return call_user_func($this->findModel, $id, $this);
    }
    $modelClass = $this->modelClass;
    $keys = $modelClass::primaryKey();
    if(count($keys) > 1) {
      $values = explode(',', $id);
      if..
    } elseif($id !== null) {
      $model = $modelClass::findOne($id);
    }
    if(isset($model)){
      return $model;
    }else {
      throw new NotFoundHttpException("Object not found: $id");
    }
  }
}

view

view 动作不需要改动，因为 model 有 getRelated 的自有机制

class ViewAction extend Action
{
  public function run($id)
  {
    $model = $this->findModel($id);
    if($this->checkAccess) {
      call_user_func($this->checkAccess, $this->id, $model);
    }
  }
}

update

public function run($id)
{
  /* @var $model ActiveRecord */
  $model = $this->findModel($id);
  if ($this->checkAccess) {
   call_user_func($this->checkAccess, $this->id, $model);
  }
  $model->scenario = $this->scenario;
  $model->load(Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBodyParams(), '');
  $model->save();
  return $model;
}

经过改造后，需要满足对关联模型的update动作

public function run($id)
{
  /* @var $model ActiveRecord */
  $model = $this->findModel($id);
  if ($this->checkAccess) {
   call_user_func($this->checkAccess, $this->id, $model);
  }
  $model->scenario = $this->scenario;
    /*
     *
     * x-www-form-urlencoded key=>value
     * image mmmmmmmm
     * link nnnnnnnnnn
     * newsItem[title]=>ttttttttttt , don't use newsItem["title"]
     * newsItem[body]=>bbbbbbbbbbb
     * don't use newsItem=>array("title":"tttttt","body":"bbbbbbb")
     * don't use newsItem=>{"title":"ttttttt","body":"bbbbbbbb"}
     *
     */
    $newsItem = Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBodyParams()['newsItem'];
    /*
      Array
      (
        [title] => ttttttttttt
        [body] => bbbbbbbbbbb
      )
     */
    $model->newsItem->load($newsItem, '');
    #$model->newsItem->load(Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBodyParams(), '');
    #print_R($model->newsItem);exit;
    #print_R($model->newsItem);exit;
    if($model->save())
    {
      $model->load(Yii::$app->getRequest()->getBodyParams(), '');
      $model->newsItem->save();
    }
  return $model;
}

这里还应该对 newsItem save 失败的情况进行处理，暂且不处理。

更多关于Yii相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《Yii框架入门及常用技巧总结》、《php优秀开发框架总结》、《smarty模板入门基础教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php字符串(string)用法总结》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》

希望本文所述对大家基于Yii框架的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

Yii2,Restful,API

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