当需要向某特定URL地址发送HTTP请求并得到相应响应时,通常会用到HttpClient类。该类包含了众多有用的方法,可以满足绝大多数的需求。但是如果对其使用不当时,可能会出现意想不到的事情。
using(var client = new HttpClient())
对象所占用资源应该确保及时被释放掉,但是,对于网络连接而言,这是错误的。
原因有二,网络连接是需要耗费一定时间的,频繁开启与关闭连接,性能会受影响;再者,开启网络连接时会占用底层socket资源,但在HttpClient调用其本身的Dispose方法时,并不能立刻释放该资源,这意味着你的程序可能会因为耗尽连接资源而产生预期之外的异常。
所以比较好的解决方法是延长HttpClient对象的使用寿命,比如对其建一个静态的对象:
private static HttpClient Client = new HttpClient();
但从程序员的角度来看,这样的代码或许不够优雅。
所以在.NET Core 2.1中引入了新的HttpClientFactory类。
它的用法很简单,首先是对其进行IoC的注册:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddHttpClient(); services.AddMvc(); }
然后通过IHttpClientFactory创建一个HttpClient对象,之后的操作如旧,但不需要担心其内部资源的释放:
public class LzzDemoController : Controller { IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory; public LzzDemoController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory) { _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory; } public IActionResult Index() { var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient(); var result = client.GetStringAsync("http://myurl/"); return View(); } }
AddHttpClient的源码:
public static IServiceCollection AddHttpClient(this IServiceCollection services) { if (services == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services)); } services.AddLogging(); services.AddOptions(); // // Core abstractions // services.TryAddTransient<HttpMessageHandlerBuilder, DefaultHttpMessageHandlerBuilder>(); services.TryAddSingleton<IHttpClientFactory, DefaultHttpClientFactory>(); // // Typed Clients // services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(ITypedHttpClientFactory<>), typeof(DefaultTypedHttpClientFactory<>))); // // Misc infrastructure // services.TryAddEnumerable(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IHttpMessageHandlerBuilderFilter, LoggingHttpMessageHandlerBuilderFilter>()); return services; }
它的内部为IHttpClientFactory接口绑定了DefaultHttpClientFactory类。
再看IHttpClientFactory接口中关键的CreateClient方法:
public HttpClient CreateClient(string name) { if (name == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name)); } var entry = _activeHandlers.GetOrAdd(name, _entryFactory).Value; var client = new HttpClient(entry.Handler, disposeHandler: false); StartHandlerEntryTimer(entry); var options = _optionsMonitor.Get(name); for (var i = 0; i < options.HttpClientActions.Count; i++) { options.HttpClientActions[i](client); } return client; }
HttpClient的创建不再是简单的new HttpClient(),而是传入了两个参数:HttpMessageHandler handler与bool disposeHandler。disposeHandler参数为false值时表示要重用内部的handler对象。handler参数则从上一句的代码可以看出是以name为键值从一字典中取出,又因为DefaultHttpClientFactory类是通过TryAddSingleton方法注册的,也就意味着其为单例,那么这个内部字典便是唯一的,每个键值对应的ActiveHandlerTrackingEntry对象也是唯一,该对象内部中包含着handler。
下一句代码StartHandlerEntryTimer(entry); 开启了ActiveHandlerTrackingEntry对象的过期计时处理。默认过期时间是2分钟。
internal void ExpiryTimer_Tick(object state) { var active = (ActiveHandlerTrackingEntry)state; // The timer callback should be the only one removing from the active collection. If we can't find // our entry in the collection, then this is a bug. var removed = _activeHandlers.TryRemove(active.Name, out var found); Debug.Assert(removed, "Entry not found. We should always be able to remove the entry"); Debug.Assert(object.ReferenceEquals(active, found.Value), "Different entry found. The entry should not have been replaced"); // At this point the handler is no longer 'active' and will not be handed out to any new clients. // However we haven't dropped our strong reference to the handler, so we can't yet determine if // there are still any other outstanding references (we know there is at least one). // // We use a different state object to track expired handlers. This allows any other thread that acquired // the 'active' entry to use it without safety problems. var expired = new ExpiredHandlerTrackingEntry(active); _expiredHandlers.Enqueue(expired); Log.HandlerExpired(_logger, active.Name, active.Lifetime); StartCleanupTimer(); }
先是将ActiveHandlerTrackingEntry对象传入新的ExpiredHandlerTrackingEntry对象。
public ExpiredHandlerTrackingEntry(ActiveHandlerTrackingEntry other) { Name = other.Name; _livenessTracker = new WeakReference(other.Handler); InnerHandler = other.Handler.InnerHandler; }
在其构造方法内部,handler对象通过弱引用方式关联着,不会影响其被GC释放。
然后新建的ExpiredHandlerTrackingEntry对象被放入专用的队列。
最后开始清理工作,定时器的时间间隔设定为每10秒一次。
internal void CleanupTimer_Tick(object state) { // Stop any pending timers, we'll restart the timer if there's anything left to process after cleanup. // // With the scheme we're using it's possible we could end up with some redundant cleanup operations. // This is expected and fine. // // An alternative would be to take a lock during the whole cleanup process. This isn't ideal because it // would result in threads executing ExpiryTimer_Tick as they would need to block on cleanup to figure out // whether we need to start the timer. StopCleanupTimer(); try { if (!Monitor.TryEnter(_cleanupActiveLock)) { // We don't want to run a concurrent cleanup cycle. This can happen if the cleanup cycle takes // a long time for some reason. Since we're running user code inside Dispose, it's definitely // possible. // // If we end up in that position, just make sure the timer gets started again. It should be cheap // to run a 'no-op' cleanup. StartCleanupTimer(); return; } var initialCount = _expiredHandlers.Count; Log.CleanupCycleStart(_logger, initialCount); var stopwatch = ValueStopwatch.StartNew(); var disposedCount = 0; for (var i = 0; i < initialCount; i++) { // Since we're the only one removing from _expired, TryDequeue must always succeed. _expiredHandlers.TryDequeue(out var entry); Debug.Assert(entry != null, "Entry was null, we should always get an entry back from TryDequeue"); if (entry.CanDispose) { try { entry.InnerHandler.Dispose(); disposedCount++; } catch (Exception ex) { Log.CleanupItemFailed(_logger, entry.Name, ex); } } else { // If the entry is still live, put it back in the queue so we can process it // during the next cleanup cycle. _expiredHandlers.Enqueue(entry); } } Log.CleanupCycleEnd(_logger, stopwatch.GetElapsedTime(), disposedCount, _expiredHandlers.Count); } finally { Monitor.Exit(_cleanupActiveLock); } // We didn't totally empty the cleanup queue, try again later. if (_expiredHandlers.Count > 0) { StartCleanupTimer(); } }
上述方法核心是判断是否handler对象已经被GC,如果是的话,则释放其内部资源,即网络连接。
回到最初创建HttpClient的代码,会发现并没有传入任何name参数值。这是得益于HttpClientFactoryExtensions类的扩展方法。
public static HttpClient CreateClient(this IHttpClientFactory factory) { if (factory == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(factory)); } return factory.CreateClient(Options.DefaultName); }
Options.DefaultName的值为string.Empty。
DefaultHttpClientFactory缺少无参数的构造方法,唯一的构造方法需要传入多个参数,这也意味着构建它时需要依赖其它一些类,所以目前只适用于在ASP.NET程序中使用,还无法应用到诸如控制台一类的程序,希望之后官方能够对其继续增强,使得应用范围变得更广。
public DefaultHttpClientFactory( IServiceProvider services, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IOptionsMonitor<HttpClientFactoryOptions> optionsMonitor, IEnumerable<IHttpMessageHandlerBuilderFilter> filters)
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对的支持。
免责声明:本站文章均来自网站采集或用户投稿,网站不提供任何软件下载或自行开发的软件! 如有用户或公司发现本站内容信息存在侵权行为,请邮件告知! 858582#qq.com
稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!
昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。
这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。
而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?
更新日志
- 车载音乐最强享受《车载极致女声精选CD》[WAV分轨][1G]
- 童宇.2024-爱情万年历【TOUCH音乐】【FLAC分轨】
- 黄晓君.2010-丽风金典系列VOL.1.2CD【丽风】【WAV+CUE】
- 黄晓君.2011-丽风金典系列VOL.2【丽风】【WAV+CUE】
- 群星1992《天碟国语金曲精选》香港首版[WAV+CUE][1G]
- 萧敬腾《王妃》台湾首版[WAV分轨][1G]
- 陈奕迅2023《CHIN UP》EAS MUSIC[WAV+CUE][1.2G]
- 黄心懋《曾经有个女孩》滚石首版[WAV+CUE]
- 群星《车宴(紫银合金AQCD)》[原抓WAV+CUE]
- 小骆驼《草原狼》[正版CD抓轨WAV+CUE]
- 群星.2011-剧集金曲精选2CD【永恒】【WAV+CUE】
- 林忆莲.1996-夜太黑【滚石】【WAV+CUE】
- 方皓玟.2009-UNLOCKME【东亚】【WAV+CUE】
- 群星《2024好听新歌22》十倍音质 U盘音乐[WAV分轨]
- 林宥嘉《神秘嘉宾》引进版[WAV分轨][1G]